来自国际恐怖主义和有组织跨境犯罪的威胁与日俱增，在这种形势下，增强边境管控，促进海关与境内外执法机构和商业机构间高效的合作刻不容缓。在为海量的国际货运和客运提供贸易便利化的同时，识别并处理其中数量稀少但真实的安全风险，是海关面临的最大挑战。

世界海关组织及响应其成员及八国集团、世界海事组织等国际组织机构的号召，并在 2002 年 6 月举行的海关理事会上通过了关于供应链安全和贸易便利化的决议。决议出台了一系列措施，以保护国际贸易供应链免受恐怖主义和其他犯罪活动的打击，同时寻求建立各项便利化原则。

修订后的《京都公约》提出，现代海关协作的核心原则之一是风险管理，允许海关对合法贸易实施适当的控制。该决议建立了一个由海关和商业专家组成的特别工作组，与包括贸易和政府间组织在内的其他利益相关方进行密切磋商，在修订后的《京都公约》及其实施《指南》的基础上，制定了一体化供应链管理《指南》。一体化供应链管理《指南》的实施应在国家层面上进行。只有当供应链上的各海关当局实施共同的海关监管标准和风险评估，经授权的供应链能够实现标准互认，同时达到如《指南》中所提及的海关监管和国际贸易一体化，该《指南》才能真正有效。尽管目前在国际贸易中，双边协议仍旧是主导，但重点应当放在需要调动各方灵活性和适应性，以期实现《指南》的最终全球性实施。

The increasing threat of international terrorism and organised cross-border crime

requires the enhancement of existing border and frontier controls and effective

national and international co-operation between Customs, other law enforcement

agencies and business. The greatest challenge for Customs will be to offer facilitated

treatment of the vast majority of international cargo movements and passenger traffic,

while identifying and dealing with the small percentage that pose a genuine risk to

security.

The WCO has immediately responded to the call for action from WCO Members and

international bodies such as the Group of Eight (G8) and the International Maritime

Organization (IMO) by adopting the Resolution on Supply Chain Security and Trade

Facilitation at the June 2002 Council Sessions. The WCO Resolution addresses a

series of steps to protect the international trade supply chain from acts of terrorism or

other criminal activities, while pursuing established facilitation principles.

Risk management, one of the core principles of modern Customs co-operation,

developed by the WCO in the revised Kyoto Convention, enables Customs to

exercise adequate controls with minimum hindrance to legitimate trading. The

Resolution established a Task Force of Customs and business experts to work in

close consultation with other stakeholders including trade and intergovernmental

organizations in developing among others these Guidelines on Integrated Supply

Chain Management based on the Revised Kyoto Convention and its implementing

Guidelines.

TEC2017005世界海关组织一体化供应链管理指南 中英对照.pdf