基于多式联运对宁波舟山港集装箱木材进口份额提升的研究和发展建议

摘要

报告形成时间：2020年5月

研究方法：数据分析、对比研究、问卷调查及访谈、案例验证

核心内容：利用相关数据对中国主要木材产品进口趋势变化、种类及原产地分布、宁波舟山港与上海港木材进境箱量的变化情况及两港之间的差距进行统计分析；同时在物流体系、通关及口岸作业成本、监管环境与口岸作业程序、国内运输成本与时效等方面对宁波舟山港与上海港进行优劣势比较；综合上述分析，提出扩大宁波舟山港木材进口份额的具体建议。

研究发现：

（1）近三年宁波舟山港进境的进口木材箱量与上海港的差距不断拉大，在2019年与上海差距达到约57.0万标箱。

（2）对于启运自澳大利亚、莫桑比克、罗马尼亚的进口木材，宁波舟山港进境箱量有可以提升的潜在空间。

（3）对于境内目的地为国内西北、东北（尤其是西北）地区，浙江省内的宁波、舟山、东阳的进口木材，宁波舟山港进境箱量相对上海有一定优势。

（4）制约宁波舟山港进口木材箱量提升的最主要因素还是来自进口木材启运地的航线班次偏少。

（5）在集疏运体系方面，宁波舟山港在公路运输和水路驳运方面处于劣势，但在海铁联运方面处于绝对优势。

（6）在进口木材通关及口岸作业成本方面，宁波整体上明显高于上海，最高可能是其2倍；检验检疫综合成本约为上海的1.3倍。

（7）在通关环境、口岸作业程序以及内河驳运时效方面（但内支线驳运班次偏少），宁波舟山港明显优于上海港。

（8）以太仓、张家港、湖州南浔、东阳作为进口木材最终目的地进行疏运成本与时效方面比较，宁波舟山港相比于上海港在东阳方向有明显优势，在太仓、张家港、湖州方向处于劣势，但需要注意的是空箱返还困难制约了宁波舟山港进口木材进境箱量的提升。

Report of the Development Suggestions on Enhancing of Import Share of Container Timber in Zhoushan Port of Ningbo Based on Multimodal Transport

Abstract

Report: May 2020

Research methods: data analysis, comparative study, questionnaire survey and interview, case verification

Core content: Based on data collected, statistical analysis was made on the trend change, category and origin distribution of China's main timber products import, the change of timber import containers between Zhoushan Port of Ningbo and Shanghai Port and the gap between the two ports; meanwhile, the advantages and disadvantages of Ningbo Zhoushan Port and Shanghai Port are compared in the aspects of logistics system, customs clearance and port operation cost, regulatory environment and port operation procedures, domestic transportation cost and time limitation. Based on the above analysis, the report puts forward some suggestions on enlarging the import share of Ningbo Zhoushan Port's timber.

The report finds:

(1) In the past three years, the gap between Ningbo Zhoushan Port and Shanghai Port in the quantity of imported timber containers has been widening. In 2019, the gap between Ningbo Zhoushan Port and Shanghai has reached about 57,000 TEU.

(2) For timber shipped from Australia, Mozambique and Romania, Ningbo Zhoushan Port has potential space to increase as far as the container volume is concerned.

(3) Ningbo Zhoushan Port has a certain advantage over Shanghai in terms of import volume of timber destined for northwest and northeast (especially northwest) areas of China and Ningbo, Zhoushan and Dongyang in Zhejiang Province.

(4) The most important factor restricting the increase of imported timber container in Zhoushan Port of Ningbo is the lack of shipping liners from the loading ports.

(5) In terms of distribution system, Ningbo Zhoushan Port is at a disadvantage in road transportation and waterway barge transportation, but it has an absolute advantage in sea-railway combined transportation.

(6) In terms of customs clearance and port operation cost of imported timber, Ningbo is obviously higher than Shanghai on the whole, and the highest cost may be twice than that of Shanghai. The comprehensive cost of inspection and quarantine is about 1.3 times that of Shanghai.

(7) In terms of customs clearance environment, port operation procedures and the efficiency of river barge transport (but the frequency of inner river branch barge transport is less), Ningbo Zhoushan Port is obviously better than Shanghai Port.

(8) Taking Taicang, Zhangjiagang, Huzhou Nanxun and Dongyang as the final destinations of imported timber, Zhoushan Port of Ningbo has obvious advantages in Dongyang direction compared with Shanghai Port in terms of distribution cost and time. but In the direction of Taicang, Zhangjiagang and Huzhou, it is at a disadvantage. Moreover, it should be noted that the difficulty of returning empty containers restricts the increase of imported timber containers in Ningbo Zhoushan Port.